Take a look at most bodybuilding back workouts, and you’ll see an abundance of lat pulldown and pull-up exercises. That’s good news because these vertical pulling exercises are responsible for building upper back width.
In fact, if you want a classic torso V-taper, pull-ups and pulldowns are all but compulsory.
However, if you want a back that wide AND thick, you need more than vertical pulls. You need to include horizontal pulling exercises in your workouts, too. These hit your middle back more than your lats.
A strong middle back will add a lot to your physique, increase your strength in the big lifts – even the bench press – and improve your posture. For these reasons, the best back workouts usually include as many horizontal pulling exercises as they do vertical.
In this article, we reveal the best exercises for building up this critical muscle group.
Middle Back Anatomy and Functions
While you don’t need to be an expert in anatomy to build an impressive physique, knowing a little about the muscles of the human body can help you choose the best exercises for your workouts.
When talking about the middle back, we’re actually referring to the muscles located across and between your scapulae or shoulder blades.
These muscles are (1):
Rhomboids
The rhomboids connect your scapulae to your thoracic spine. There are two rhomboids: major (largest) and minor (smallest). They come as a pair – left and right. The rhomboids are not large muscles, but they are powerful and play an important part in the shape of your upper back and how it functions. For example, they play a vital role in stabilizing your shoulder blades and keeping them pressed flat against your ribcage.
Trapezius
Known as the traps for short, this is the large kite-shaped muscle of your upper back. It goes from the base of your skull down to the middle part of your spine and spans out toward your shoulders.
The trapezius is made up of three sets of fibers – upper, middle, and lower. Each set of fibers has a different function.
The upper traps pull your shoulders upward in a movement called elevation of the shoulder girdle. In contrast, the lower traps pull your shoulders downward, which is a movement called depression of the shoulder girdle.
However, it’s the mid-traps that work with the rhomboids and are the main topic of this article. The mid-traps, working in conjunction with your rhomboids, pull your shoulder back and together in a movement called shoulder girdle retraction.
Posterior deltoids
The posterior or rear deltoids are NOT part of your middle back, but it’s almost impossible to train your mid-traps and rhomboids without working the muscles at the back of your shoulders. The rear delts are involved in horizontal shoulder extension and external rotation, which are two movements that happen during many mid-back exercises.
As such, if you are training your middle back, you are probably working your posterior deltoids, too. This is no bad thing because a weak upper back is usually accompanied by underdeveloped rear deltoids.
So, your mid back is actually two muscles working together – the mid-traps and rhomboids. When these muscles contract, they pull your shoulders together. This movement is a necessary part of many exercises, including rows, deadlifts, and even bench presses. It’s also important for your posture.
Why is Your Middle Back Weak?
Many people, including hardcore exercisers, have a weak upper back. This often manifests as poor posture, a rounded upper back during deadlifts or difficulty fully engaging the mid-traps and rhomboids. Poor bench press performance is often caused by an underdeveloped middle back.
Common causes of upper back weakness include:
Prolonged sitting
Sitting for a long time, especially if you hunch over a keyboard or screen, can stretch and weaken your upper back. As most people are habitual slouchers, it’s no wonder that so many people have a weak upper back.
Not doing enough upper back training
Monday is national chest training day, but when is national back training day? A lot of lifters spend far more time training their chests than they do their back, which makes muscle imbalances and weaknesses all but unavoidable.
Read also: How to do the middle back stretch.
Doing too many of the wrong back exercises and not enough of the right ones
Most back exercises fall into one of two groups – vertical pulls or horizontal pulls. Ideally, you should do an equal amount of both types of exercise. But, if your middle back is weak, you should do more horizontal pulling than vertical pulling. Many back workouts involve too much vertical pulling, and that leaves the middle back underdeveloped.
A poor mind-muscle connection
It’s almost impossible to develop a muscle if you can’t feel it working. This is called your mind-muscle connection. Some people “lose touch” with their muscles and cannot feel them working or control them properly. So, even if you’re doing the right exercises, they may not produce the results you want.
A good mind-muscle connection means you can control your muscles at will, and every exercise you perform will become much more effective (2).
The good news is that you can fix your mind-muscle connection – find out how here.
The 10 Best Middle Back Exercises
Do you want to develop an impressive middle back but aren’t sure where to start? These are the ten best exercises for your mid-traps and rhomboids!
1. Bent-over barbell row
The bent-over barbell row is a somewhat controversial exercise, with some coaches saying that it’s best avoided. However, done with good form and not too much weight, the bent-over barbell row is an excellent middle-back exercise and can be performed safely by most people.
Steps:
- Grip and hold a barbell with an overhand, wider-than-shoulder-width grip. Pull your shoulders down and back, brace your core and bend your knees slightly.
- Hinge forward from the hips and lean over until your upper body is almost parallel to the floor. Let your arms hang straight down from your shoulders.
- Without using your legs or back, bend your arms and row the bar up and into your chest. Pull your shoulders back and keep your elbows level with your shoulders.
- Extend your arms and repeat.
Muscles targeted:
- Primary: Middle trapezius, rhomboids, posterior deltoids.
- Secondary: Biceps, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae.
Benefits:
- An excellent total back builder.
- A very accessible exercise – all you need is a barbell and weights.
- Small changes to the angle of your back will change the feel and effect of this exercise.
Tips:
- Keep your lower back arched throughout to protect your spine and maximize middle back engagement.
- Lead with your elbows and pull the bar to your chest to emphasize the mid-traps and rhomboids.
- Keep your wrists straight throughout.
2. Seal row
If bent-over rows bother your lower back, or you prefer to work your upper body in isolation from your legs, then seal row is the exercise for you. You’ll need a tall bench for this mid-back builder, but in return, you’ll be able to push your mid-back to the limit without having to worry about your lower back at all.
Steps:
- Place a flat bench on blocks or stacks to bumper plates so that your hands are a few inches away from the floor when you lie down on it.
- Lie face down on the bench and grip a barbell or dumbbells. Pull your shoulders down and back.
- Bend your arms and pull the bar up and into the bench level with your abdomen.
- Extend your arms, lower the weight, and repeat.
- You can also do this exercise on a slightly angled bench to hit your lower traps a little more, i.e., incline seal rows.
Muscles targeted:
- Primary: Middle trapezius, rhomboids, posterior deltoids.
- Secondary: Biceps, latissimus dorsi.
Benefits:
- A very back-friendly exercise.
- Can be done using a barbell or dumbbells as preferred.
- An effective way to target your middle back.
Tips:
- Shrug your shoulder back at the start of each rep to fully engage your middle back.
- Lead with your elbows to maximize mid-back engagement.
- Use dumbbells to increase your range of motion.
3. Seated chest-supported cable row
The great thing about cable exercises is that they let you keep your muscles under near-constant tension, so you get a better workout in less time. This lower-back-friendly exercise is a very effective middle-back movement. It is ideal for beginner and advanced lifters alike.
Steps:
- Attach a rope handle to a low cable. Alternatively, you can use D-shaped handles on an extended strap.
- Adjust an incline bench to about 70 degrees and place it in front of the cable machine, with the back of the bench facing the pulley.
- Sit on the bench with your chest against the backrest. Grip the handles and extend your arms.
- Pull your shoulders down and back, and brace your core.
- Bend your arms and pull the handles in toward your lower ribs. Lead with your elbows, keep your wrists straight, and squeeze your shoulders together to maximize upper-back engagement.
- Smoothly extend your arms, let your shoulders shrug forward to stretch your middle back, retract your shoulders again, and repeat.
Muscles targeted:
- Primary: Middle trapezius, rhomboids, posterior deltoids.
- Secondary: Biceps, latissimus dorsi.
Benefits:
- No lower back strain to worry about.
- Your back muscles are under near-constant tension.
- Cable machine exercises are ideal for drop sets.
Tips:
- Adjust the angle of the bench to hit different parts of your mid-back. The more inclined the bench, the more lower trap and lat engagement there will be. An upright bench focuses more on your mid-traps and rhomboids.
- Keep your wrists straight and lead with your elbows.
- Shrug your shoulders back and together to maximize mid-back engagement.
4. Pendlay row
Pendlay rows are named after legendary powerlifting and weightlifting coach Glen Pendlay. Also known as dead-stop rows, this barbell exercise is popular with Olympic weightlifters, who often use it to fix any upper and mid-back weakness. The dead stop between reps means you should be able to perform this exercise with moderate to heavy weights in relative comfort.
Steps:
- Start with your barbell on the floor. Stand with your feet about hip to shoulder-width apart, toes under the bar.
- Bend your knees slightly, hinge forward from the hips, and bend over until your upper body is parallel to the floor.
- Grab the barbell with an overhand, slightly wider than shoulder-width grip. Tuck your chin in and lengthen your neck; do not lift your head to look forward or allow your lower back to round.
- Brace your core, draw your shoulders down and back, and pull the bar up into your abdomen. Keep your upper arms tucked in close to your sides. Your upper body should remain stationary throughout.
- Lower the barbell back down the floor and let it settle, reset your core, and repeat.
Muscles targeted:
- Primary: Middle trapezius, rhomboids, posterior deltoids.
- Secondary: Biceps, latissimus dorsi, erector spinae.
Benefits:
- A convenient exercise, as most gyms have a suitable barbell.
- Provides a brief pause between reps so you can reset your grip and core, do more reps, or use a heavier-than-usual weight.
- An excellent exercise for powerlifters, weightlifters, and strongman competitors.
Tips:
- You can also do this exercise using dumbbells instead of a barbell.
- Raise the weight on blocks if you cannot maintain a neutral spine.
- Use lifting straps if you are training with heavy weights.
5. Horizontal row
You don’t need to use weights to train your middle back. In fact, there are a couple of great bodyweight exercises that are every bit as effective. Horizontal rows, also known as inverted rows, body rows, and Australian pull-ups, are a very convenient way to train your middle back without gym equipment.
Steps:
- Set a bar to about waist height. Make sure the bar will not move. You can use a barbell in a squat rack or a Smith machine.
- Sit on the floor beneath the bar and hold it with an overhand, slightly wider than shoulder-width grip.
- Lean back so your arms are straight, brace your core, and pull your shoulders down and back.
- Lift your hips, so your weight is supported on your heels and hands only. Make sure your body is straight – from your heels to your shoulders.
- Keeping your body properly aligned, bend your arms and pull your chest up to the bar. Keep your wrists straight and focus on leading with your elbows. Squeeze your shoulders together at the top of the rep.
- Slowly and smoothly extend your elbows and return to the starting position, keeping your body straight the whole time.
Muscles targeted:
- Primary: Middle trapezius, rhomboids, posterior deltoids.
- Secondary: Biceps, latissimus dorsi.
Benefits:
- No equipment required, so ideal for home exercisers.
- Easy to scale by raising or lowering the height of the bar.
- Very lower back friendly.
Tips:
- Use a suspension trainer or gymnastic rings for variety.
- Bend your legs and put your feet flat on the floor for an easier workout.
- Rest a weight plate on your hips for a more intense workout.
6. Renegade row
The renegade row is a combination middle back and core exercise. You can even combine it with push-ups to make it a total upper body builder. Be warned; this exercise is more strenuous than it looks, so don’t go too heavy too soon!
Steps:
- Hold a dumbbell in each hand. You can also use kettlebells. Squat down and place the weights on the floor, so they’re roughly shoulder-width apart.
- Brace your abs and walk your feet out and back into the push-up position. Your body should form a straight line. Keep your wrists straight, and do not allow them to collapse.
- Move your feet out so that they are wider than shoulder-width apart to increase balance and stability. Look straight down at the floor to ensure your neck is neutral.
- Keeping one arm straight, bend the other arm and row the weight up and into your lower ribs. Do NOT allow your hips or shoulders to twist.
- Lower the weight back to the floor, swap sides, and repeat. Alternate arms for the duration of your set, keeping your core braced throughout.
- You can also do this exercise with your legs bent and knees resting on the floor to take pressure off your core.
Muscles targeted:
- Primary: Middle trapezius, rhomboids, posterior deltoids.
- Secondary: Biceps, latissimus dorsi, core.
Benefits:
- Works well with light dumbbells.
- A very comprehensive upper-body exercise.
- Great for home exercisers, as so little equipment is required.
Tips:
- Use hex-shaped dumbbells if available, as they’re more stable and less likely to roll.
- Wear a weighted vest to make this exercise harder.
- Do a push-up between rows to develop your chest as well as your back.
7. Dumbbell rear delt row
The dumbbell rear delt row does more than work your posterior deltoids; it also hits your mid-traps and rhomboids. The great thing about this exercise is that you don’t need a lot of weight to do it, so it’s ideal for home exercisers and anyone without access to heavy dumbbells.
Steps:
- Sit on the end of an exercise bench with a dumbbell in each hand. Hinge forward from the hips and lower your chest toward your legs. Let your arms hang down from your shoulders. Rotate your wrists so that your hands are in the pronated or palms-down position.
- Leading with your elbows, pull the weights up and out so your upper arms are perpendicular to your upper body. Keep your wrists straight, and pull your shoulders down and back.
- Extend your arms and repeat.
Muscles targeted:
- Primary: Middle trapezius, rhomboids, posterior deltoids.
- Secondary: Biceps.
Benefits:
- Very little strain on your lower back.
- This exercise works well with light dumbbells.
- An accessible exercise that’s suitable for home and gym use.
Tips:
- Use a chair if no bench is available.
- You can also do this exercise standing and by leaning over.
- Think about driving your elbows back to maximize middle-back engagement.
8. Band pull-aparts
The band pull-apart is arguably the most convenient way to train your middle back at home. This is a hugely effective posture exercise, and everyone who lifts weights should do band pull-aparts a few times per week. Do this exercise between sets of bench presses or during your upper body warm-ups. Alternatively, do sets of pull-aparts to break up long periods of sitting.
Steps:
- Hold your resistance band with an overhand, shoulder-width grip. Raise your arms in front of you so your hands are roughly level with your shoulders. Pull your shoulders down and back.
- Open your arms and stretch the band out across your chest.
- Return to the starting position and repeat.
- You can work your rhomboids from different angles by changing the angle of your arms and stretching the band diagonally across your chest, not just horizontally.
Muscles targeted:
- Primary: Mid-traps, rhomboids, posterior deltoids.
- Secondary: N/A.
Benefits:
- A very shoulder-friendly exercise.
- You can do band pull-aparts anywhere and at any time.
- One of the best posture exercises around.
Tips:
- Do this exercise seated or standing as preferred.
- Try to accumulate 100 reps every day to fix your posture and keep your shoulders healthy.
- Include band pull-aparts in all your upper body warm-ups to activate and engage your upper back.
9. Face pulls
Face pulls are so-called because, when you do them, you look like you are going to stick your thumbs in your ears and waggle your fingers like a rude kid! Don’t let this peculiar name or image put you off; the face pull is an excellent mid-back exercise. It’s also fantastic for your posterior deltoids.
Steps:
- Attach a rope handle to a cable pulley set to about chest height.
- Stand with your feet hip-width apart and grab both sides of the handle using a neutral grip. Place one foot in front of the other for balance if necessary.
- Keeping your elbows level with your shoulders, bend your arms and pull the rope toward your face, contracting your rear deltoids as you pull the ends of the handle apart.
- Straighten your arms and repeat for the desired number of reps.
Muscles targeted:
- Primary: Middle trapezius, rhomboids, posterior deltoids.
- Secondary: Biceps.
Benefits:
- A very lower back and shoulder-friendly exercise.
- Very accessible, as most gyms have a suitable cable machine.
- Perfect for intensity-boosting drop sets.
Tips:
- Imagine you are trying to poke your thumbs in your ears to maximize upper back engagement.
- Use a resistance band if you don’t have access to a cable machine.
- Pull the ends of the handles apart as well as back to work your back even more effectively.
10. Reverse pec deck fly
Reverse pec deck flys are often viewed as a read deltoid exercise, but they’re much more than that. They’re also a very effective way to target your middle back. With no weights to balance, this exercise leaves you free to focus on pushing your mid-traps and rhomboids to their limit. They’re also an excellent exercise for intensity-boosting drop sets.
Steps:
- Sit on the pec deck machine with your chest against the pad. Reach out and grab the handles. Extend, but do not fully straighten your arms. Your hands should be level with or just below your shoulders.
- Open your arms and draw the handles out and back until your arms form a T-shape with your body.
- Return to the starting position, stopping just short of letting the weights touch down, and repeat.
Muscles targeted:
- Primary: Middle trapezius, rhomboids, posterior deltoids.
- Secondary: N/A.
Benefits:
- No need to stabilize your upper body – the machine does it for you.
- An excellent exercise for beginners.
- Very lower back friendly.
Tips:
- Experiment with a neutral and pronated grip to see which one you prefer.
- Lift your chest and pull your shoulders down and back to maximize mid-trap and rhomboid engagement.
- On reaching failure, lower the weight by 15-20% and crank out a few more reps to increase the intensity of your workouts.
Frequently Asked Questions
Do you have a question about middle-back training or back workouts in general? No sweat because we’ve got the answers!
1. What is the best way to bring my mid-back up to the same level as my lats, shoulders, and chest?
If your mid-back is weak, you must prioritize it in your workouts. Train your mid-traps and rhomboids twice per week, e.g., Monday and Thursday, and work them first in your back workouts, i.e., before your lats. Also, consider doing less lat training to give your mid-back a chance to “catch up.”
Also, become more mid-back-aware, and pull your shoulders down and back during almost every other exercise you perform, even your arms and legs. This will help strengthen that all-important mind-muscle connection.
Once you are happy with your middle back development, maintain it by doing an equal amount of horizontal pulling and pushing training. In other words, for every set of chest training, do a set of rows or similar.
2. I can’t feel my middle back working – is this normal?
A lack of sensation on your middle back is common and normal, and suggests that you have a weak mind-muscle connection. The good news is that this is relatively easy to fix, although it will take a while to reconnect your brain and back.
Ways to do this include:
- Training your middle back more often.
- Practicing pulling your shoulders back and together several times a day, especially before training.
- Adding mid-rep pauses to rows and other mid-back exercises.
- Doing your reps more slowly and with less weight so you can emphasize retraction.
In time, you should notice that you can feel your muscle back working more, indicating your mind-muscle connection is getting stronger.
3. What sets and reps should I use for my middle back workouts?
Your rep range is goal and exercise-dependent. To build strength, you must lift heavy weights for low reps, i.e., 1-5. Of course, such heavy loads are not practical for some middle-back exercises, such as horizontal rows or band pull-aparts.
To build muscle, you can use light to moderate weights and do anywhere from 6-35 reps per set.
Generally, the lower end of the scale is best for compound exercises. In contrast, the higher end is more suitable for isolation or single-joint movements.
When training for hypertrophy or muscle growth, ensure that you take your sets to within 1-3 reps of failure. Easier sets will not trigger much muscle growth.
4. How many times a week should I train my middle back?
Twice a week is an excellent place to start for most people. This provides a good balance between work and recovery.
For example, you could train your back on Monday and Thursday, leaving plenty of time for the rest of your body and recovery. One workout per week probably won’t be enough to produce good results, but will probably be sufficient to maintain muscle mass and strength.
5. How many sets should I do per week for my middle back?
The accepted number of sets per muscle group per week is 10-20. Beginners and older exercisers should do 10-14, while younger and more advanced exercisers can work up to 15-20. However, more sets will not necessarily produce better results.
These sets should be evenly spread over your workouts. For example, if you want to do 15 sets for your back per week, you could do three workouts, each consisting of five sets for the target muscle.
6. Why isn’t my mid-back growing?
Your body will respond to your workouts unless you are doing something wrong. Common reasons for not achieving muscle growth include:
- Failing to consume enough protein – you need between 0.7 to 1.0 grams per pound of body weight.
- Not training hard enough – you must train to within 1-3 reps of failure.
- Not training often enough – once a week or less won’t cut it!
- Skipping too many workouts – even the best middle back exercises and workouts will not work if you don’t do them. You MUST be consistent.
- Training too hard, long, or often – your body has a limited capacity for recovery. If you work out hard seven days a week, your muscles won’t have the time or energy needed for growth.
- Not getting enough sleep – your muscles do most of their growing when you’re sleeping. So, you need 6-8 hours per night, and not just at weekends!
- It’s not been long enough – it takes time for your body to start responding to your workouts. If you’ve only been training for a few weeks, you probably won’t see many changes yet. So be patient and stick with it.
7. Got a good mid-back workout for me to try?
Sure do! Do this workout twice a week on non-consecutive days, e.g., Tuesday and Friday. But, before you begin, spend a few minutes warming up by doing some light cardio followed by dynamic mobility and flexibility exercises for your shoulders, elbows, and upper back.
| # | Exercise | Sets | Reps | Recovery |
| 1 | Pendlay rows | 4 | 4-6 | 3 minutes |
| 2 | Seal row | 3 | 6-8 | 2 minutes |
| 3 | Reverse pec deck fly | 3 | 10-12 | 90 seconds |
| 4 | Face pulls | 2 | 12-15 | 60 seconds |
| 5 | Band pull-apart | 2 | 15-20 | 60 seconds |
Middle Back Exercises – Final Thoughts
It’s easy to neglect your middle back. After all, you can’t see it, so there is less of an incentive to train it. However, the mid-traps and rhomboids play a crucial role in your posture, shoulder stability, and upper back thickness. If you want to look and perform at your best, you MUST train your middle back as hard and as often as you train your lats, chest, and deltoids.
Use the exercises and tips in this article to build a mid-back you can be proud of.
More Back Exercises:
References:
1. KenHub: Back Muscle Anatomy https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/21632-back-muscles
2. PubMed: Importance of Mind-Muscle Connection During Progressive Resistance Training https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26700744/